Waterford, VT, in ORANGE County?

Yes, if you're accessing early records of Waterford -- especially back to the days when the town was called Littleton -- the correct county name is Orange, NOT Caledonia.

Also note that, according to the Vermont Census Finder website (http://www.censusfinder.com/vermont.htm), the year of a Census record can be misleading: "The 1790 Federal Vermont Census was actually taken in 1791 when Vermont became a state. This can cause confusion as an individual may be enumerated in the 1791 Federal census of Vermont but could have actually been living in a different state in 1790. When conducting genealogical research in Vermont, beware of this common pitfall."

Here's the 1790 Census record, courtesy of that site and VTGenWeb:

Waterford, Caledonia County, VT

1790 Census

The first census of the United States was taken in 1790. Six information fields were recorded: 1)Name of head of family; 2) Free white males of 16 years and upward, including heads of families; 3) Free white males under 16 years; 4) Free white females, including heads of families; 5) All other free persons; and 6) Slaves.

Please note that at the time of this census, the town was called "Littleton" and was located in "Orange County".

Please note that the census is transcribed exactly as it was printed and that Heads of Families may not be in alphabetical order. Please also note that there are several misspellings of surnames.

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Head of family	FWM16+	FWM16-
Adams, James	2	..	1	..	..	xx
Brown, James	1	..	2	..	..	xx
Felton, Joseph	1	2	2	..	..	xx
Hamlet, William	1	1	6	..	..	xx
Knoulton, Thomas	1	2	1	..	..	xx
Morgan, Cornelius	2	2	4	..	..	xx
Pike, Nathan	3	..	3	..	..	xx
Potter, Barnabas	2	2	3	..	..	xx
Sylvester, Peter	1	1	2	..	..	xx
Wood, John	1	4	3	..	..	xx
Wood, Joseph	1	..	6	..	..	xx