Showing posts with label Eugenia Powers. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Eugenia Powers. Show all posts

Friday, June 2, 2023

Waterford, Vermont, Occupations in the 1800s With Settlement Notes


Eugenia Powers

Eugenia Powers wore many hats on behalf of Waterford, Vermont. Of all of them, her most significant may have been for her self-appointed historian role. Many town reports like the one shown here from 1965 included notes by Eugenia about people and buildings.

In this hot first couple of days of June 2023, I've typed up a file-card box of Eugenia's notes on local residents. Have fun browsing!

Presumed Eugenia Powers gray file box: OCCUPATIONS [typed by Beth Kanell, June 2, 2023; double line space indicates new file card; note that d can mean “died” or “daughter.”]

 

Artist

Jefferson C. Ensminger of Independence, Iowa, married Amanda Brown – His parents were E.M. Ensminger and June Miles

Joel Locke—b. Falmouth, Mc.—had a child born Wat. 1876

 

Blacksmiths

William. J. Morrison

Edwin Bickford—death 1883—age 34

Samuel Morrison—1874—married

C.H. Knapp—1874—married

 

Carpenters (See also Joiners)

Fred Bullock—1896 (on birth record)

Langdon Cummings—1871—married

 

Cloth Manufacturers—Fulling

 

Coopers

1878—Frank Carter—cooper—child born

1880—Fed Hunt—child born. He’s also a painter, q.v.

 

Doctors

Dr. Nathan Cole—from Church records his wife Polly Jameil[?] 8/15/1802

Morrison, Moses G.

Rowell, Richard F. d. 1872 of small pox age 85

Bugbee, Abel C.—1877—married in town, but lived in Derby

Ralph Bugbee—age 84—b. Ashford, Ct.

1869—Charles G. Cargill, physician, married ?? age 23

Physicians list from Vol I, p. 432-5, Hemenway

A. Kinne*

A. Farr

C. Farr

R. Bugbee, Jr.

A.C. Bugbee

Frank Bugbee

N.S. Goss

Wm. Benton

*graduate—however think all were????

 


 

Engineer

Albert Babcock—1872—married

 

Gunsmith

George Furby—died 1892, age 63-9-26-single

 

Hotel Owners—

Edwin Bowman—1887—child born LW [Lower Waterford]

Ozro B. Hurlbutt—d. 1870—suicide—LW, b. Hanover, N.H.

Hiram Hill—d.1874, age 54-1-12—of pneumonia, stage driver and hotel keeper

 

Jeweler—

Franklin R. Sargent‚—1874—married in Wat., resided in Stansted [sic]

 

Joiner—

Orange Chaplin of Wat.—1879—married

John H. Chandler—1872—married Emma C. Streeter dau. of. Timothy & Almira Streeter

Napoleon Chaboneau—of Littleton, N.H.—house joiner—married 1871

 

Justice

Eben Farnham 1816

 

Harvey Kinne—Childs p 378

            merchant

            town cleark—postmaster

Willard Kinne—obituary d. 12/4

            s. of Nathan and Elizabeth Kinne

                        came from Pomfret, Conn. in 1793

            error in farm—settled where Whittemore lives & then at Willis Person’s Cottage—

                        not Hal Peck place

            farmer, stock man, drover

                        about 700 acres

                        promoter of Cal. Co. Agric. Assoc.

 

Lawyers—list in Abby Hemenway I, p. 432-5, from article by Thomas A. Cutler

J.D. Stoddard

R.C. Benton

R.C. Benton Jr.*

Jacob Benton

A.H. Hadley

O.T. Brown

A.J. Hale

Jonathan Ross*

E. Cutler, Jr.*

A.P. Carpenter*

Luther Kidder

* means graduate

 


Lawyers

J.D. Stoddard

Frank C. Streeter—died 1878—age 25—son of Timothy & Almira Streeter—consumption

James B. Donnan Esq.—1868—married Martha J. Ross

 

Mail Carrier

Abel F. Carpenter—died 1889—b. 5-2-16 in Lyndon, parents Abel & Betsy (Smith) Carpenter

Austin E. Blodgett—marriage—1873

Fred George—(mail service_) 1889—a birth

Patrick Carr—dies age 60 of small pox—came from Ireland—d 1872

Hiram Hill—d. 1874—was stage driver and hotel keeper

 

Mason

George West—1886—stone mason—b. England

 

Mechanics

William Furby—1884—a birth record

George H. Thomas—1888—a birth record

H.E. Cheney—1873—death Bk.4

Fred H. Blodgett—Bk.5 1885 birth rec.

James W. Newton—1868—married

Albert W. Bowles—(machinist)—married—1869 married

1878—J.S. Mullikin—child born

1884—Henry Koepke—child born

 

Merchants

Hiram Parks—UW [Upper Waterford]

Ephraim Swett—1871—married

Azro D. Stoddard—Merchant at Wat.—died of consumption 1871—son of Norman & Almira Stoddard

1879—Charles Brown—had a meat market—a child born

 

Miller

George Holland—1887—death record, age 66, born in Ireland

 

Grist Mill Owner (Millers)

 

Miner

John N. Griffin—1883—a birth—was husband of Jennie Griffin

Ministry—List from Abbyu Hemenway I, p. 432-435, article by Thomas A. Cutler

W.D. Hadley*

Alfred Stevens*

Samuel Benton*

James H. Benton*

E.I. Carpenter*

Zenas Gos[s]*

Samuel Hurlburtt

Silas Gaskill

Philander Carpenter

Ebenezer Cutler*

*graduate

 

Ministry—Waterford men who were ministers in town or elsewhere

Erastus Carpenter

Prosper Davison

Preserved Davison (died)

Ebenezer Cutler

 

Ministers (preached in town)

Silas Davison

George Roger—1890

John E. Palmer—m. Newton – Kent 1818

Rev. Carlos Marsden

Rufus Cheney

Asa Carpenter

Thomas Hall

Rev. John E. Palmer—d.1872, age 90-1-5—of old age & pneumonia

 

Waterford’s Contribution to Cong’l Ministry

Vt. Congregationalism—p.253

dates are dates of life if known

! connection with Am. Board of Missions or other missionary organ.

Samuel Austin Benton 1807–1865

Erasmus Irving Carpenter 1808–1877

Amander Barker 1810–?

Alfred Stevens 1810–1893

Josaih [sic] Henry Benton 1816–1907

Zenas Goss ! 1832–1864

 

Painter—houses? machinery and sleighs??

Fred P. Hunt—1875—married Martha Buckman

 


 

Salesmen & Peddlers

1868—Henry A. Bowman—married

1877—Albert Davis, peddler—child born

 

Sawyers—Sawmills Owners

 

Shingle Mills

 

Shoemakers—See Leather

 

Soldiers of Waterford

see—

1812 Roster

1840 Census for Rev. Pensioners then in town—

F.R. Carpenter’s War Record for Civil War.

Revolutionary Roster

Roster War of the Rebellion

Spanish Am. Roster, etc.

Voting Lists and Tax Records for exemptions

 

Stone Cutter

George W. Smith—1890—a birth—Bk. 5

 

Surveyors

Harvey Holbrook, d. 1845, age 77 (Cem. St.)

 

Tailors & Dressmakers—

C.J. Cobb, d. 1878—tailor—died in Aug—age 70

 

Teachers—

 

Teamsters

Alden J. Hale—died 1868—age 19-3-26—in Boston of Typhoid Pneumonia—an express teamster, son of Jo [sic] Hale

 

Toll Bridge Tenders

 

Town Clerks From Hemenway I, p. 432-5

1793-5 Selah Howe

1706-1801 John Grow

1802-5 Sylvanus Hemingway

1806 Samuel Gaskill

1807-1816 Sylvanus Hemingway

1817-23 Jonah Carpenter

1824-41 Sylvanus Hemingway

1842-1857 Lucius Freeman

 

Wheel Wrights

Hiram Whipple—1894 (a birth, I guess)

Asa Hovey—married 1872—Mianda [sic] Goss for his 3rd wife

Albert Howe—1878—a child born

 

Wood workers—Sleighs, winnowing machines, et

 

[second half of file box, new alphabet]

 

People Mentioned Childs [in Child’s Gazetteer]

 

James Adams—Childs p 369

1st settler (traditional)

exact date not known

proprietors mtg held in Barnet in 1783

“was adjourned to J.A.’s in said Littleton.”

 

Samuel D. Astle—Child[s] p 377

s. of Joseph who served in Eng. army

b—Shipton, Canada, in 1836

came to Wat. in 1857

m. Harriet Phelps (d. of Anthony Phelps) in 1859

children—Helen, Ralph,  Sam Joe, Katie, Willie, Fred, Frank, Hattie

tanner & manufacturer of lumber

resides at village

 

George R. Barker, Childs p 379

s. of George I_

b 1815

m. Mary Mann in 1840

children Charlotte, Charles, Albert, Mary, Etta

lives on road 12

 

George T. Blancher, Childs p 379

s. of Wm

b. Lyndon 1833

m. Almira, d. of Cornelius Adams

served in war—wounded at Petersburg and died in 1964

wife farm on road 7

 

Ephraim Blodgett, Childs p 376

b. N.H. in 1815

came in 1836

children Ephraim A, Nelson (died in army), Volney B and Austin E., Louisa, Almira

Ephraim A lived on road 40

 

Edison Bowman, Childs p 379

s. of Willard & Tryphema

b. Littleton, N.H., 1843

m. Irene Richardson 1865

children Nellie, Eddie A, Willie R & Charles H.

manager of hotel at Lower Wat.

 

Frank W Brown, Childs p 376

b. Bethlehem 1845

m. Jennie Miller in 1868

selectman—

children—Celia, Edward M., Ruith E

loved in Petrie[?] homestead—road 46, corner 47

 

William Brown, Childs p 373

c. 1800 settled where Cushings are

s. Elisha -> s. Bradley -> s. Elisha W.

town clerk 20 yrs town records

 

Alpheus Bugbee, Childls p 372

from Woodstock, Conn—1797

where Mrs. George S. Russell lives

 

Alonzo Carpenter

Chief Justice in N.H.

s Isaiah Carpenter

 

Isaiah Carpenter, Childs p 375

descendant of Wm. Carpenter who came to Am. in 1638

came to town in 1808

located on Amos Carpenter place

d. Eliza married Judge Johnathan [sic] Ross

Amos m. Cosbie Parker of Concord—Amos was assistant postmaster at West Waterford

 

FRC—dates of life—p155 Jill Cor

Influences on him—NNE

Improved Agri. Method—HC of NEE p 173

His financing—farmers’ club

 

FRC diaries with Social Ferment

Puritan Counter Reformation

Temperance Crusade

Anti-Masonry

Anti-Slavery & Religion

Anti-Slavery & Politics

Equal & Exact Justice for ALL

Social Architects

 

His wife—as prod of past—

His Children as product of his age

Himself as versatile—his many occupations

What was he chief of?

What did he father?

blacksmith & forge man

judge & lawyer

mortician

agriculturist as well as farmer

architect

builder

inventor

 

Deacon Perley Church, Childs p 371

from Mansfield, Conn. about 1795

located on HC Davison place (Mary Petersons)

war record—— ?

 

Samuel Church, Childs p 370

youngest son of Deacon Perley

m. Lucina Felch

5 children (Sam. C., Lorena, Lyman B., Allen J & Celia A (Mrs SB Horr

family choir—were Welsh Extraction SRP

 

James Curtis, Childs p 378

s. of Amos

a shoemaker

b Morgan, Vt. in 1833

in Civil War—

on road 37

 

Allason[?] Daniels, Childs p 378

s. of Hiram

m. Lucia McLacklin in Peacham in 1882

d. Bertha May b 1885

on road 15

 

Rev. Silas Davison, Childs p 371-2, SRP

b. Hartland, Vt. in 1766

m. Persis Rice 1790

in town—1796

settled on Passumpsic Mt.

grson Claudius m. Rebekah Wright—d. of Capt. Walter—her brothers had cabinet shop in St. J. C. [St. Johnsbury Center]

specimens of furniture in home of Arnold W. Powers

 

Aaron Freeman, Childs p 372

b.  of Elizah & Arad, b. Norwich Vt 1784

to Waterford with father in 1800

settled at Bean Bors.

in 1887—farm occupied by Dennis May who m. Caroline d. of Aaron

 

Arad Freeman, Childs p 372

from Hanover, N.H. in 1800

settled where Rollo Wright, Sr, lives

Arad settled on L D Freeman place

s. Lucius S. b 1812—town cleark for 40 yers

Lucius son was Lorenzo

Olive Hovey Freeman b 1799 in Wat Birth Records but not necessarily born in town

 

Elijah Freeman

brother of Arad & Aaron

settled on Williams

d Rowena m. John Sanborn

J. Sanborn is L. D. Williams’ grandfather

 

Abel Goss, Childs 372

settled on Goss place (Allports.) 1792

his son, Capt. Abel, gave school ground for L. W. [Lower Waterford] school

 

Richardson B. Graves, Childs p 378

b Athol, Mass in 1775

m. Lovina Briadfor 1801

located near Concord Corners 1796

his grandson— Herbert K—came to Water. 1881

s. died in infancy

 

Eli Green, Childs p 372

1799—

m Lucinda Graves

 

Asa Grow & Brothers, CEH [C.E. Harris book] p 11

claimed to own all land in Wat. bordering Conn.—

sold tp settlers & took their money— drawback to young men who had begun to clear land— most of them kept land & paid for it—

Grow built two-story house— about command[?] folks— Mrs. Sawyer said all puckered up with pride    about 1800

Pucker St. Song-  by Timothy Hazeltine who worked for James Morse blacksmith about 1825, song p 12-18

 

George Ide, Childs p 376

s. of Joseph & Almira Ide— born in town in 1828

a tanner

m. Mary Furby in 1861 (she died 1867)

bought Richardson saw mill in 1865

(evidently George & Joseph/son & father/in business together)

 

Charles D Harris, Childs p 378

b. Danville Vt., in 1842

war vet—

m. Isabella Kellogg (d. of Independent)

children—Charles E, Nellie, Bertha May b 1878

lives on road 36

 

Amasa Hastings, Child[s] p. 379-380

b. Ashburnham, Mass—

came to Wat. 1800

pioneer of West Wat.

settled in wilderness a mile from neighbors

went to claim by marked trees—

log cabin several years

m. Anna Brown—story about Mrs. Brown & the bear in the corn patch (green corn & beans for dinner)

lived there until old age— sold to s. Moses & moved to a small farm.

12 children—10 lived to adulthood

in 1887—two survived

Amasa Jr. then in St J—

Jefferson H— then in Newark [Vt]

 


 

Josaiah Hastings, Childs p 374

b. Westmoreland, N.H. in 1786

came here in 1807—located road 41

m. Mary Packard

descendant— Stephen J. Hastings b. 1850, attended Dartmouth, married Althea Carpenter

(in a triple wedding— SRP)

Stephen J was town rep in 1882 also selectman

 

Sylvanus Hemingway, Childs p. 371

from Royalston, Mass, c. 1795 with sons Laban & Cyrus.

built log houses east of Luther Hemingway’s (Young’s)

Syl. was Town C.

 

Cyrus T. Hill,  Childs p 375

f. of Willard Hill b 1844

-> Guy Hill

on road 23

 

Senicon Hill, Childs p 375

from Walpole, N.H., about 1808

kept tavern until 1810

è Ambrose -> Charles T. lived on homestead, road 3 -> George, Lottie, etc.

 

Stewart B Horr, Childs p 377

b. in Maine 1846

Civil War— Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Petersburg

m. Celia Church, d. of Samuel

live on road 46

 

Asa Hovey, Childs p 374

from Hampton, Conn., in 1803

located on Kidder farm (in 1881 owned by Frank Cutler)

s William m. Lydia Richardson

è Emory b 1841 m Emily Cushman

è Guy W

Emory settled on road 40, corner 41

 

Benjamin Hutchinson, Childs p 373

descendant of Richard Hutchinson who came to Am. in 1634

came to Wat. from Royalston, Mass, in 1801

Benajah (grandson) b 1835—living in town in 1887

 

Niles Johnson, Childs p 376

b. Lunenburg, Vt., in 1843

came to town in 1865

d. Flora Wallace b. 1869

 

George C. Lawrence, Childs p 378

s. of Daniel

b. in Danville 1813

m Hannah Barkers in 1838

d Hattie —Addie (d)

[Hattie] m L P Winslow

è Cora m Homer Brewster

lived on road 12

 

Moses Ladd, Childs p 375

s of Thyng & Elizabeth Ladd

b in Salsibury, N.H., in 1812

came to Wat. in 1814

m. Hannah Carr

-> Orange S. b 1825

-> Milo E.

-> Orange S – now in St. J. Center

where did Thyng & Moses live?

 

John Lee

b. Moultonborough, N.H. in 177 [sic]

settled in Wat. in 1801

son Nathaniel Lee bought Lee farm 1841 WLR [Waterford Land Records]

 

Dr. William McDale

who was he?

Dr. Rowell studied under him

 

Thomas Mason, Childs p 377

b. in Ireland 1814-

came to Am at 19 (1833)

m. Jane Johnson

children—George H., Ellen, Martha, Emily, John,  Thomas, Albert

prosperous farmer (dairying)

in 1853 bought Daniel Havens farm road 38

 

George Morrison, Childs p 377

s of George & b. of Samuel

b. Ireland 1839

came to Am at 16—1855

in Civil War (Andersonville prison)

m. Catherine Morrison in 1870

children—Eliza, Samuel, William G, & Harvey B

[Eliza] m George Ballou

lives road 44

 

Samuel Morrison, Childs p 377

son of George

b. in Ireland 1847

came to Am. 1864

blacksmith

located in W. 1868

m. Elocia Thurber (d. of Jehiel Thurber)

children— Mary E(dith), Charles, Harry A, Clarence A, Gertrude (d. inf.), Samuel M.

lived in Lower Wat.

 

William S. Morgan, Childs p 370

1st male born in town

m. Clarissa Church d of Deacon Perley

 

Seth Moulton, Childs p 376

b. Lyman, N.H., in 1833

came in 1845 with his father Alpheus

m. Sarah Colby of Danville in 1867—

has been selectman & other offices

lives on farm easterly part of village

 

Josiah Newton, Childs p 377

came to town 1861

road 21

 

Judge Ezra Parks, Childs p 378

s. of Eli

b. Passumpsic in 1821

mem. of legislature 1870-71

assistant county judge

dealer in stock, produce

lived 1 mile north of Passumpsic village

 

Nathan Pike from Royalton Mass Age 57

FH [Farmers Herald] 8/26/29- Obituary

Dennison Pike—agent for Fairbanks plows

Brigham Pike—Fire Ins. Agent in Concord

5/12/30 marriage of Jacob Ide and Ladoska Knights reporte

10/6/30—Nathan Pike a trustee for Wat.H.S.

 

Daniel & Nathan Pike, Childs p 369, 370

1st settlers in eastern part of town

1792— from Royalston, Mass – brought yoke of oxen, cleared land & sowed wheat, returned to Royalston

1793—Daniel & sons Luther & Nathan come in spring

1793— fall Daniel moved his wife & twin d. Sally & Polly to town

            cabin built on S B Horr farm, SG Willson lot on Concord line

 

 

Nathaniel J. Reed, Childs p 379

s. of Stephen

b. Kirby 1839

served in war—

m. Lizzie, d. of Moses Lewis

d Lizzie Belle

blacksmith & wheelwright

on road 50

 

Rufus W Remick, Childs p 379

s. of Wm. B-

b- 1855

m. Mary A Greeley in 1875

children—Harry E, Mabel D, Homer W

farmer

lives road 42, corner 43

 

Johnathan [sic] Ross—brother of Royal M. settled R. Powers

son of Royal & grandson of Johnathan

Chief Justice of Supreme Court of Vt

U.S. Senator

 

Johnathan [sic] Ross, p 371 Childs

1794- located on road 47

grandfather of Charles Ross (s. of Abraham), R. C. Morrison place

 

Hon. Johnathan Ross, Child p 80-83

account of Judge Ross’s life

b April 30, 1826

 

Royal Ross- p 370 Childs

son of Johnathan Ross

p 371—married Eliza Mason

Royal had to promise her minister father that he would take Eliza to church every Sunday. Royal was an atheist- Father did not approve marriage but wanted promise. R. kept promise. SRR

their son Royal M.

 

Dr. Richard F. Rowell, Childs p 373

came to town at early date

studied with Dr. Wm. McDale.

began practice in 1825

m. Melinda Mullin 1826

6 sons – 6. daughters

4 sons served in Civil War

Daniel (son) b 1842- lived in village 1889

impressive war record

 

John Sanborn, Childs p 379

s. of John—

b. Kirby 1830

M. 3 times

(1) Ellen Hall—John H. & Jennie L. (Mrs. E. F. Williams in Concord)

(2) Susan Furman[?]—d. month after marriage

(3) Rowena W Freeman 1865

lives on road 18

 

John Stiles, Childs p 374

came from Keene, N.H., soon after 1800

m. Annie, d. of Th. Hill, in 1802

built sawmill at foot of Stiles Pond

last Stiles in town?

 

Rev. Alfred Stevens D. D. —

b. Wat – 1810

schooling Concord, Peacham Acad., Meriden N.H.

Portsmouth Coll. (ent. 1835 – age 26)

grad. Andover Sem. 1842 (age 32 ent. ministry)

pastor of Congo. Church, Westminster West, Vt. from 1842 – 1889 & pastor emeritus until death 1893

always a member of the Low. Wat. Congo. –

honorary degree from Dartmouth 1872—

called “Father Stevens”

 

Jesse Stoddard, Childs p 373

from Chesterfield, N.H., c. 1800, settled on J. Campbell’s place

 


 

George West, Childs p 377

s. of Richard

b. Summersetshire [sic], Eng. in 1835

came to Am. 1854

came to Wat. 1862

son— Herbert West

 

Milo Williams, Childs p 379

s. of Warner

b. Concord 1838

m. Jennie d of Ansel Hoadley 1867

children Bertha Jennie & Lula Nellie

farmer

road 10

 

Thaddeus B. Wheeler, Childs p 376

son of George W.

b in Littleton, N.H., in 1820

came to town 1870

on road 15

 

Charles White, Child[s] p 377

b. Sheffield – 1859

bought John Houghton farm in 1885

on road 46

 

John & Joseph Woods, p 370 Childs

1784-85 – settled on Passumpsic R.

1st person born in town. Polly Woods, d. of Joseph W.

 

James Works, Childs p 376

b. in Westmoreland, N.H. in 1787

came to town in 1816 (m. Almira Aldrich

2 sons & 3 d

1 son  Barton b 1829 – in Civil War –

occupied homestead in 1887 (father oldest man in town at time)

 

[cards at end list pages of men included in Successful Vermonters by Wm. H. Jeffrey, 1904]

 

Edward Payson Lee 213, Herbert King Graves 215, Richardson Graves, Nathan J. Graves, Edward R. Godd 216, Abel. Goss, Abel B Goss, Charles D. Harris 217, Amory E. Hovey 217, Frank W. Hastings 218, Stephen J. Hastings 218, Elisha W. Brown 219, Volney Blodgett 220, Frank W. Brown 221, Hiram M. Parks 222, Frederick A. Cross 222, Stuart R. Hoor 223, Eddie Bowman 223, Tobias H Lyster 224, Ezra Parker Carpenter 225, Ezra Parks 225 Francis Halley Shepherd 229, Niles G. Johnson.

Friday, February 18, 2022

Celebrate Waterford's 225 Years with Cake and the Governor's Proclamation, on February 23rd

 

1858 map

                            Waterford History & Heritage Proclamation

It's time to celebrate Waterford, Vermont!

Please come join us for a reading of Gov. Phil Scott's decree honoring the historic 'naming' anniversary of Waterford. Residents successfully petitioned Montpelier 225 years ago to have their hometown's name changed from Littleton, finally ending a pre-Revolutionary era when Vermont lands were fought over by the provinces of New Hampshire and New York. Anniversary cake will be served. A 2022 calendar of history-related programs with community partners will be distributed. Brief election of WHS officers follows the celebration. Friends, neighbors, descendants and history fans warmly invited. Masks required.  

When:
Wednesday, February 23, 2022
4:30pm to 6:30pm
(UTC-05:00) America/New York

Where:
Davies Memorial Library, Lower Waterford

Organizer: Waterford Historical Society pikeprose@gmail.com

 

 

The Naming of Waterford

 

 

 

By Eugenia Powers

Typed and edited February 2022 by Betsy Carpenter

 

The area now known as Waterford was chartered under the name of Littleton on November 8, 1780, to Benjamin Whipple and his associates. This charter was issued by the Independent Republic of Vermont and signed by its governor, Thomas Chittenden.

 

The incorporation of Waterford as Littleton, Vermont, took place in 1791, after Vermont became the 14th state in the Union, and the town kept this name until 1797. We know this for a fact because two years later, on May 6, 1793, town government was organized at the first town meeting--held at the home of Nehemiah Hadley who lived near the river south of Lower Waterford Village--and the records of this meeting, as well as other meetings occurring over the next four years, are described as taking place in “Littleton, Vermont.”

 

But in March 1797, by an act of Legislature, the town was re-named Waterford. The question of why the town’s name was changed to Waterford specifically may never be fully answered. But there can no doubt as to the reason for making the change. Across the Connecticut lay Littleton, New Hampshire, and the possibility of confusion is almost unlimited in situations where towns of the same name exist so close to each other. So the residents of Littleton, Vermont, decided to take care of the situation. In a town meeting held in the old log meetinghouse on the river on September 6, 1796, they voted to petition the legislature “to alter the name of Littleton to Caledonia.”

 

The meeting that took this action was really two meetings—a town meeting and a freeman’s meeting. There are separate warnings for the two meetings in the Town Proceedings book, but the dates are the same. This was the third town meeting held that year. Most of the business of the three meetings was about schools and school districts. The action in the Freeman’s meeting was the election of John Grow, Esquire, to represent the town at the session of the Vermont Assembly which was meeting in October. At that time, John Grow was also Town Clerk and one of the selectmen. He had represented the town in 1795 and was re-elected in 1796, 1797 and 1798.

 

John Grow probably wrote the petition and carried it to the Legislature, which met in Rutland that session. Six weeks after the town vote, the State Papers of Vermont, Volume X, page 390, shows a petition from the town of Littleton requesting that the name be changed, not “to Caledonia,” but “to Caledonia or Waterford.” This was signed by all three selectmen—John Grow, Levi Goss and Daniel Pike. The date of the journal entry is October 19, 1796. Then in the Laws of Vermont for 1796-1799 on page 124, we find that the name was changed to Waterford on March 9, 1797.

 

When in this process did Waterford join Caledonia as a top candidate for the town’s new name, and why did Waterford finally prevail? Legislative reports do not contain the details of why things are done. Town records do not typically contain the arguments leading to a decision. Over the years, though, at least a couple of possible explanations have been explored by authors, including Esther Munroe Swift in her Vermont Place-Names: Footprints of History and C.E. Harris in his A Vermont Village.

 

The most obvious explanation—Waterford was so named because there were places in town where the Connecticut could be forded—may be too simple. Granted, there were spots in town where one could ford the river, but they were dangerous crossings. One such place was called the Basin. This was upstream from the upper village and is the spot where the Pikes crossed when they came to town. Traditionally, they held onto the tails of their oxen to save themselves in the rough water in case they slipped on the rocky river bottom. Perhaps Daniel Pike advocated for the name Waterford because he wished to commemorate this event.

 

The other place was below the upper village where a sandbar ran part way across the river. This spot was a reasonably good ferry site, but too deep really for a ford, at least part of the way across. Further, the sandbar could shift treacherously with the current.

 

It’s worth noting that the assertion of a ford existing at Lower Waterford is totally false. Any crossings made there were done after the dam at Gilman was constructed. Then it could be crossed on foot in the summer on a Monday. The water was held back at Gilman on summer weekends for use during the following week.

 

Another theory about the origin of the Waterford name is that the town’s earliest settlers had Irish roots and named it after Waterford in the southeast of Ireland. The place-name Waterford is, indeed, an old one, existing in England as well as Ireland and brought to this country by early settlers. But what do we know about the town’s earliest settlers? The names of the people living in Waterford, Vermont, as listed in the first census were Adams, Brown, Felton (which is probably Felch misspelled, since it is known that the Felch family was here at the time), Knoulton, Morgan, Pike, Potter, Sylvester and Wood.* They were all representatives of families that had lived elsewhere in New England before coming to Vermont—and, in some cases, elsewhere in Vermont.

 

These would seem to be a primarily Anglo-Saxon group, although some may have been Scots or English people who came to America by way of Ireland. In the course of the British oppression of Ireland, both English and Scots were encouraged to move to Ireland, as part of a policy to subdue the Irish rebels. But few of the people who migrated there were satisfied with conditions, and many moved on to America.

 

There is another matter of interest which might have a bearing on the selection of the Waterford name. Across the river from Hanover, N.H., were two confusingly-named towns – adjacent and both named for English towns. One of these, which contains the village of White River Junction, is still called Hartford. The town just south of it was originally named Hertford. The spelling and pronunciation of the two names was so much alike that Hertford petitioned the Vermont Assembly for a change of name.

 

The name was changed to Waterford by an act that was “read and concurred” on Saturday, June 15, 1782, and recorded in Governor and Council, Volume 2, page 156. But then on page 157 there is reconsideration of “the act mentioned in yesterday’s journal” and it was proposed to “alter the name of Waterford to Hartland.” So, as the Vermont History News reported in its May-June, 1980 issue, Hertford became Waterford for a weekend and then became Hartland, the name the town still bears.

 

The possible relevance of this legislative action to the re-naming of Littleton, Vermont, lies in the fact that several of its early residents were people who had lived in Hartland. The reconsideration of the name was the work of a Paul Spooner, a counsellor who lived in Hartland. We don’t know if there was a local controversy over the town’s new name, but perhaps those who moved to Littleton, Vermont, were among those who wanted Hertford called Waterford.

 

Silas Davison was one of these who came to Littleton, Vermont by way of Hertford/Waterford/Hartland, and John Grow’s wife, Deborah Davison, was the daughter of Paul Davison by his third marriage. Silas Davison was the grandson of Paul, his father being Daniel Davison, son of Paul by his first wife. So, John Grow may have had family influences operating on him when he wrote the petition requesting the name change to Caledonia or Waterford instead of just Caledonia. What the relationship was between the Spooner and Davison families is not known.

 

So, to the often cited but unproved reasons for why the town was named Waterford, we can add a third possible reason—also unproved. One day, perhaps with further research, we’ll know for sure.

 

 

 

 

Wednesday, May 4, 2016

"Early Town Government in Waterford" by Eugenia Powers

Eugenia Powers (1913-1985) grew up in a Waterford family where everyone contributed to town government in some way. She gave her own historic research and writing to Waterford, Vermont, for decades. We will use her map and description of the Stiles Cemetery on Green-Up Day this year; we treasure the narratives she inserted in town reports (more on this next week with notes about the Stiles farm). And at the time of the town's bicentennial, she contributed longer work, like this essay.